What is levetiracetam (Keppra) and how does it operate?

Levetiracetam (Keppra) is categorized as an anticonvulsant, belonging to the class of medications designed to prevent seizures.

A prescription for levetiracetam functions by influencing the transmission of nerve signals to the brain, believed to be a factor in triggering seizures.

 

What are the applications of levetiracetam (Keppra)?

Typically, a Keppra prescription is employed to manage and prevent seizures associated with epilepsy.

At times, this medication is combined with other antiepileptic drugs for optimal effectiveness.

 

How do you administer levetiracetam (Keppra)?

A levetiracetam prescription is available in various forms, including tablets, delayed-release tablets, tablets for use with an oral suspension liquid, and pre-mixed oral suspension liquid – all intended for oral consumption.

Dosage and frequency depend on the severity and frequency of seizures, along with your doctor’s recommendations based on other concurrent medications. Generally, this medication is taken twice daily, with or without food, except for the extended-release tablet, typically taken once daily.

Strictly adhere to your doctor’s prescribed dosage and frequency to avoid an increased risk of adverse effects associated with taking more or less than recommended.

Do not discontinue your levetiracetam prescription abruptly without consulting your doctor, as stopping the medication suddenly, without gradual dosage reduction, may exacerbate seizures.

In severe or emergency cases, levetiracetam may be administered via injection, typically by a licensed health professional at a registered medical facility, rather than being prescribed for at-home use.

 

What are the potential side effects and risks associated with levetiracetam (Keppra)?

During the initial 4 weeks of initiating a levetiracetam prescription, some symptoms may arise, including:

1. Weakness
2. Drowsiness
3. Unusual fatigue
4. Dizziness
5. Decrease in appetite

These symptoms are expected to diminish or cease as your body adapts to the medication.

Immediate consultation with your doctor is recommended if you experience:

1. Signs of anemia (severe fatigue, pale skin, increased heart rate or breathing patterns, increased bruising or bleeding)
2. Severe mood swings
3. Signs of infection (fever, persistent sore throat, chills)
4. Loss of coordination
5. Signs of depression

A small percentage of individuals using a Keppra prescription may encounter depression or suicidal thoughts. If you notice these symptoms, promptly inform your doctor for proper monitoring.

Furthermore, this medication may induce a rash, a common symptom that could signal a more serious reaction. Report any rash promptly to your doctor.

In extremely rare instances, a severe allergic reaction may occur while taking Keppra. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

– Itching or swelling of the throat, tongue, or face
– Difficulty breathing
– Severe dizziness

Children, especially those under 4 years old, may be more susceptible to mood-altering side effects, while older adults may be more prone to specific side effects such as loss of coordination, dizziness, or drowsiness.

 

Who should avoid taking levetiracetam (Keppra)?

Individuals with a history of kidney disease or mental health issues (such as depression or suicidal thoughts) may be at an elevated risk for additional adverse effects and should exercise caution.

Keppra has numerous potential drug interactions that may exacerbate side effects. Prior to initiating a Keppra prescription, it is advisable to consult with your doctor if you plan to use any of the following substances:

– Azelastine
– Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, clomipramine, desipramine, trimipramine)
– Brimonidine
– Entacapone
– Mefloquine
– Buprenorphine
– Thalidomide
– Nabilone
– Antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine, clozapine, haloperidol, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone)
– Barbiturates (e.g., butalbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital)
– Olopatadine
– Narcotic pain relievers (e.g., codeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, morphine, oxycodone)
– Muscle relaxants (e.g., baclofen, cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol, orphenadrine)
– Antihistamines (e.g., cetirizine, doxylamine, diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, loratadine)
– Buspirone
– Chloral hydrate
– Benzodiazepines (e.g., alprazolam, diazepam, lorazepam)
– Scopolamine
– Tapentadol
– Seizure medications (e.g., carbamazepine, clobazam, phenytoin, primidone, topiramate, valproic acid, zonisamide)
– Tramadol
– Zopiclone
– Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs; e.g., citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline)
– Suvorexant
– Clonidine
– Efavirenz
– Methotrexate
– Mirtazapine
– Dimenhydrinate
– Kava kava
– Orlistat
– Rotigotine
– Pramipexole
– Ropinirole
– Tolcapone
– Sodium oxybate
– Zolpidem
– General anesthetics
– Cannabis
– Alcohol

Due to the potential for dizziness or drowsiness, individuals planning activities requiring alertness (such as driving or operating machinery) should refrain from taking levetiracetam, particularly during the initial 4 weeks.

Pregnant or breastfeeding women should use this medication only when absolutely necessary, as it may pose risks to an unborn child and can pass through breast milk. However, discontinuing the prescription without consulting a doctor is not advised, as untreated seizures can also be harmful during pregnancy.